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The Cloisters (Letchworth)
The Cloisters in Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire in the UK, was built by Quaker Miss Annie Jane Lawrence (1863-1953), the daughter of Alfred Lawrence (1826 - 1875), who, with his brother Frederick, owned 'Lawrence Brothers, Smiths and Founders', and his wife Mary Elizabeth.〔Miles, V.W., ''The Cloisters, Letchworth, 1907-1967'' Published by The Lawrence Cloisters Trust (1967) pg 7〕
Originally built as an open-air school dedicated to Psychology, with accommodation for 20 students, students were encouraged to study "how thought affects action and what causes and produces thought." Through healthy outdoor living it was intended that the students would develop healthy minds. The building was also designed to hold lectures, conferences, drama and musical performances as well as organ recitals. Students were also taught skills from the Arts and Crafts movement.〔
Designed by architect William Harrison Cowlishaw, building commenced on the site in 1905, and the building opened on 17 January 1907, having cost the then huge sum of £20,000. Miss Lawrence built a house for herself, 'Cloisters Lodge', alongside.〔(Utopia Britannica - British Utopian Experiments 1325 - 1945 )〕
==Design==
The design reputedly came to Miss Lawrence in a dream. The building originally consisted of a large half-oval 'open-air room' called the `Cloisters Garth' with an open colonnade to the south and large glazed bays to the north; this was flanked by two wings, one housing the kitchen and store rooms and the other the cubicles and dressing rooms for an oval open-air swimming pool. It was designed according to the principles of the Arts and Crafts movement, and was built using marbles and other materials from all over Europe.
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